10:
No man is allowed to be a judge in his own cause, because his interest would certainly bias his judgment, and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity. With equal, nay with greater reason, a body of men are unfit to be both judges and parties at the same time; yet what are many of the most important acts of legislation, but so many judicial determinations, not indeed concerning the rights of single persons.
A: Madison meant that if someone were to judge his own cause, his thoughts would seem to be correct because it is their thoughts and not someone else's. A group of men are incapable of being both the judge and party at the same time because of the important acts of legislation. Since they all represent themselves, others are not concerned about.
The other point of difference is, the greater number of citizens and extent of territory which may be brought within the compass of republican than of democratic government; and it is this circumstance principally which renders factious combinations less to be dreaded in the former than in the latter. The smaller the society, the fewer probably will be the distinct parties and interests composing it; the fewer the distinct parties and interests, the more frequently will a majority be found of the same party; and the smaller the number of individuals composing a majority, and the smaller the compass within which they are placed, the more easily will they concert and execute their plans of oppression.
A: Madison was talking about how the smaller the society, the fewer the parties and interests of others making it. If there are few distinct parties and interests, they will most likely agree on most things. If there are smaller numbers of individuals represent a majority, their chances of executing plans are increased.
A: The government's final act is to deal with justice. An example of how this works is when there is a bank robbery. first the police come, then the swat team comes. The swat team represents the final act. Without a government, people will dominate over others. The government provides a symbol of power to those without strength.
52:
The other point of difference is, the greater number of citizens and extent of territory which may be brought within the compass of republican than of democratic government; and it is this circumstance principally which renders factious combinations less to be dreaded in the former than in the latter. The smaller the society, the fewer probably will be the distinct parties and interests composing it; the fewer the distinct parties and interests, the more frequently will a majority be found of the same party; and the smaller the number of individuals composing a majority, and the smaller the compass within which they are placed, the more easily will they concert and execute their plans of oppression.
A: The more citizens there are leads to having extension in territory. The less citizens there are the chance of having distinct parties and interests having a majority are increased. The less amount of individuals leads to plans of oppression to be executed or concerted.
Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has been and ever will be pursued until it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit. In a society under the forms of which the stronger faction can readily unite and oppress the weaker, anarchy may as truly be said to reign as in a state of nature, where the weaker individual is not secured against the violence of the stronger; and as, in the latter state, even the stronger individuals are prompted, by the uncertainty of their condition, to submit to a government which may protect the weak as well as themselves; so, in the former state, will the more powerful factions or parties be gradnally induced, by a like motive, to wish for a government which will protect all parties, the weaker as well as the more powerful
